Frequently Asked Questions
What Is Montessori?
Montessori is a philosophy with the fundamental tenet that a child learns best within a social
environment which supports each individual's unique development.
How Did It Begin?
Dr. Maria Montessori, the creator of what is called "The Montessori Method of Education," based this
new education on her scientific observations of young children's behavior. As the first woman
physician to graduate from the University of Rome, Montessori became involved with education as a
doctor treating children labeled as retarded. Then in 1907 she was invited to open a child care center
for the children of desperately poor families in the San Lorenzo slums of Rome.
She called it a "A Children's House," and based the program on her observations that young children
learn best in a homelike setting, filled with developmentally appropriate materials that provide
experiences contributing to the growth of self-motivated, independent learners.
Montessori's dynamic theories included such revolutionary premises as:
She carried her message throughout the world, including the United States as early as 1912. After an
enthusiastic first response, interest in the U.S. waned until a reintroduction of the method in the mid-
1950's, followed by the organization of the American Montessori Society in 1960.
What Makes Montessori Education Unique?
The teacher acts as a facilitator of learning. Extensive training-a minimum of a full year following the
baccalaureate degree is required for a full AMS credential, including a year's student teaching under
supervision-is specialized for the age group with which a teacher will work, i.e., infant and toddler,
three to six year olds, elementary or secondary level.
How Does It Work?
Each Montessori class, from toddlers through high school, operates on the principle of freedom within
limits. Every program has its set of ground rules which differs from age to age, but is always based on
core Montessori beliefs-respect for each other and for the environment.
Children are free to work at their own pace with materials they have chosen, either alone or with
others. The teacher relies on his or her observations of the children to determine which new activities
and materials he may introduce to an individual child or to a small or large group. The aim is to
encourage active, self-directed learning and to strike a balance of individual mastery with small group
collaboration within the whole group community.
The three-year-age span in each class provides a family-like grouping where learning can take place
naturally. More experienced children share what they have learned while reinforcing their own
learning. Because this peer group learning is intrinsic to Montessori, there is often more conversation-
language experiences-in the Montessori classroom than in conventional early education settings.
How Is Creativity Encouraged?
Creativity flourishes in an atmosphere of acceptance and trust. Montessorians recognize that each
child, from toddler to teenager, learns and expresses himself in a very individual way.
Music, art, storytelling, movement and drama are part of every American Montessori program. But
there are other things particular to the Montessori environment which encourage creative
development: many materials which stimulate interest and involvement; an emphasis on the sensory
aspect of experience; and the opportunity for both verbal and nonverbal modes of learning.
How Can A "Real" Montessori Program Be Identified?
Since Montessori is a word in the public domain, it is possible for any individual or institution to claim
to be Montessori. But, an authentic Montessori classroom must have these basic characteristics at all
levels:
What Happens When A Child Leaves Montessori?
Montessori children are unusually adaptable. They have learned to work independently and in
groups. Since they've been encouraged to make decisions from an early age, these children are
problem-solvers who can make choices and manage their time well.
They have also been encouraged to exchange ideas and to discuss their work freely with others and
good communication skills ease the way in new settings.
Research has shown that the best predictor of future success is a sense of self-esteem. Montessori
programs, based on self-directed, non-competitive activities, help children develop good self-images
and the confidence to face challenges and change with optimism.
Montessori is a philosophy with the fundamental tenet that a child learns best within a social
environment which supports each individual's unique development.
How Did It Begin?
Dr. Maria Montessori, the creator of what is called "The Montessori Method of Education," based this
new education on her scientific observations of young children's behavior. As the first woman
physician to graduate from the University of Rome, Montessori became involved with education as a
doctor treating children labeled as retarded. Then in 1907 she was invited to open a child care center
for the children of desperately poor families in the San Lorenzo slums of Rome.
She called it a "A Children's House," and based the program on her observations that young children
learn best in a homelike setting, filled with developmentally appropriate materials that provide
experiences contributing to the growth of self-motivated, independent learners.
Montessori's dynamic theories included such revolutionary premises as:
- Children are to be respected as different from adults and as individuals who are different from
one another. - Children create themselves through purposeful activity.
- The most important years for learning are from birth to age six.
- Children possess unusual sensitivity and mental powers for absorbing and learning from their
environment, which includes people as well as materials.
She carried her message throughout the world, including the United States as early as 1912. After an
enthusiastic first response, interest in the U.S. waned until a reintroduction of the method in the mid-
1950's, followed by the organization of the American Montessori Society in 1960.
What Makes Montessori Education Unique?
- The "whole child" approach. The primary goal of a Montessori program is to help each child
reach full potential in all areas of life. Activities promote the development of social skills,
emotional growth, and physical coordination as well as cognitive preparation. The holistic
curriculum, under the direction of a specially prepared teacher, allows the child to experience
the joy of learning, time to enjoy the process and insure the development of self-esteem, and
provides the experiences from which children create their knowledge. - The "Prepared Environment." In order for self-directed learning to take place, the whole
learning environment room, materials and social climate-must be supportive of the learner. The
teacher provides necessary resources, including opportunities for children to function in a safe
and positive climate. The teacher thus gains the children's trust, which enables them to try new
things and build self-confidence. - The Montessori materials. Dr. Montessori's observations of the kinds of things which children
enjoy and go back to repeatedly led her to design a number of multi-sensory, sequential and
self-correcting materials which facilitate the learning of skills and lead to learning of abstract
ideas. - The teacher. Originally called a "Directress," the Montessori teacher functions as designer of
the environment, resource person, role model, demonstrator, record-keeper and meticulous
observer of each child's behavior and growth.
The teacher acts as a facilitator of learning. Extensive training-a minimum of a full year following the
baccalaureate degree is required for a full AMS credential, including a year's student teaching under
supervision-is specialized for the age group with which a teacher will work, i.e., infant and toddler,
three to six year olds, elementary or secondary level.
How Does It Work?
Each Montessori class, from toddlers through high school, operates on the principle of freedom within
limits. Every program has its set of ground rules which differs from age to age, but is always based on
core Montessori beliefs-respect for each other and for the environment.
Children are free to work at their own pace with materials they have chosen, either alone or with
others. The teacher relies on his or her observations of the children to determine which new activities
and materials he may introduce to an individual child or to a small or large group. The aim is to
encourage active, self-directed learning and to strike a balance of individual mastery with small group
collaboration within the whole group community.
The three-year-age span in each class provides a family-like grouping where learning can take place
naturally. More experienced children share what they have learned while reinforcing their own
learning. Because this peer group learning is intrinsic to Montessori, there is often more conversation-
language experiences-in the Montessori classroom than in conventional early education settings.
How Is Creativity Encouraged?
Creativity flourishes in an atmosphere of acceptance and trust. Montessorians recognize that each
child, from toddler to teenager, learns and expresses himself in a very individual way.
Music, art, storytelling, movement and drama are part of every American Montessori program. But
there are other things particular to the Montessori environment which encourage creative
development: many materials which stimulate interest and involvement; an emphasis on the sensory
aspect of experience; and the opportunity for both verbal and nonverbal modes of learning.
How Can A "Real" Montessori Program Be Identified?
Since Montessori is a word in the public domain, it is possible for any individual or institution to claim
to be Montessori. But, an authentic Montessori classroom must have these basic characteristics at all
levels:
- Teachers educated in the Montessori philosophy and methodology for the age level they are
teaching, who have the ability and dedication to put the key concepts into practice. - A partnership established with the family. The family is considered an integral part of the
individual's total development. - A multi-aged, multi-graded heterogeneous grouping of students.
- A diverse set of Montessori materials, activities and experiences which are designed to foster
physical, intellectual, creative and social independence. * A schedule which allows large blocks
of time to problem solve, to see connections in knowledge and to create new ideas. - A classroom atmosphere which encourages social interaction for cooperative learning, peer
teaching and emotional development.
What Happens When A Child Leaves Montessori?
Montessori children are unusually adaptable. They have learned to work independently and in
groups. Since they've been encouraged to make decisions from an early age, these children are
problem-solvers who can make choices and manage their time well.
They have also been encouraged to exchange ideas and to discuss their work freely with others and
good communication skills ease the way in new settings.
Research has shown that the best predictor of future success is a sense of self-esteem. Montessori
programs, based on self-directed, non-competitive activities, help children develop good self-images
and the confidence to face challenges and change with optimism.
New Horizons
Montessori
Montessori
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